| Chapter 12 –  | 
                                          Legal Framework for Protecting Intellectual Property in the Field of Computing and Computer Software | 
                                        
                                     
                                        
                                    William Zucker 
                                        
                                    Scott J. Nathan
  Chapter Contents:
 
 
                                       
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                                          12.1 | 
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                                          The United States Approach
                                                 
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                                          12.1.1 | 
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                                          Concept of Proprietary Rights
                                                   
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                                          12.1.2 | 
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                                          Copyright Law and Software
                                                   
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                                          12.1.2.1 | 
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                                          Formulas
                                                     
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                                          12.1.2.2 | 
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                                          First Sale
                                                     
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                                          12.1.2.3 | 
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                                          Fair Use
                                                     
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                                          12.1.2.4 | 
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                                          Derivative Works
                                                     
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                                          12.1.2.5 | 
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                                          Copyright and the Issue of "Look and Feel" for Software Products
                                                     
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                                          12.1.2.6 | 
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                                          Digital Millennium Copyright Act
                                                     
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                                          12.1.2.7 | 
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                                          Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984
                                                     
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                                          12.1.2.8 | 
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                                          Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986
                                                     
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                                          12.1.3 | 
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                                          Patent Protection
                                                   
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                                          12.2 | 
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                                          Application Internationally
                                                 
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                                          12.2.1 | 
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                                          Brief Overview
                                                   
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                                          12.2.2 | 
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                                          Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
                                                   
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                                          12.2.2.1 | 
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                                          Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Trade Secrets
                                                     
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                                          12.2.2.2 | 
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                                          Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Copyright
                                                     
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                                          12.2.2.3 | 
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                                          Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Patents
                                                     
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                                          12.2.2.4 | 
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                                          Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and Anticompetitive Restrictions
                                                     
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                                          12.2.2.5 | 
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                                          Remedies and Enforcement Mechanisms
                                                     
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                                          12.3 | 
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                                          Piracy
                                                 
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                                          12.3.1 | 
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                                          The Marketplace
                                                   
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                                          12.3.2 | 
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                                          Authorized Use
                                                   
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                                          12.3.2.1 | 
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                                          Database Protection
                                                     
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                                          12.3.2.2 | 
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                                          Applications of Transformative and Fair Use
                                                     
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                                          12.3.2.3 | 
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                                          Internet Hosting and File Distribution
                                                     
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                                          12.3.2.4 | 
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                                          Web Crawlers and Fair Use
                                                     
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                                          12.3.2.5 | 
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                                          File Sharing
                                                     
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                                          12.3.3 | 
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                                          Authorized Access
                                                   
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                                          12.3.3.1 | 
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                                          Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and "Without Authorization."
                                                     
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                                          12.3.3.2 | 
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                                          Digital Millennium Copyright Act and Circumvention of Technological Protection
                                                     
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                                          12.4 | 
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                                          Damages
                                                 
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                                          12.5 | 
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                                          Conclusion
                                                 
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                                          12.6 | 
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                                          Notes
                                                 
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